Book Review: "Miracles in Enlightenment England"

Jane Shaw's new book Miracles in Enlightenment England (Yale University Press) is an important new survey of the debate over miracles in England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. She argues that what this debate shows is not a measured, steady trend toward skepticism, but rather a broad, wide-ranging discussion over the potentiality of miracles within the Protestant religious culture of post-Restoration England.

Shaw discusses three different streams of thought which arose regarding miracles: first, the doctrine of the cessation of miracles, which argued that miracles as such did not happen after the first few years of the Christian church, and that unexplained occurrences of contemporary times could be explained instead by the imposition of divine "providence" (in effect replacing the miraculous with the providential); second, the re-emergence of miracles or similar events among various Protestant sects (i.e. the Quakers, the Baptists) and in the monarch's "healing touch"; and thirdly the development of a "middle way," as early scientists and clerics sought a way to explain or prove the existence of miracles in some empirical way based on evidence and probability.

These three developments came under fire from the deists in the late seventeenth century, an attack which culminated in Hume's 1748 essay On Miracles (in which he declares them impossible). This debate between deists and what Shaw terms apologists is examined closely, and what Shaw finds is that in the end, even in the middle of the eighteenth century, a huge range of opinions regarding the plausibility of miracles continued to exist.

Shaw offers an excellent scholarly treatment of the works of Valentine Greatrakes, who was the subject of A Small Moment of Great Illumination (review) which I read recently. Her commentary on the role of the Royal Society (Boyle, Oldenburg, &c.) as important arbiters of the miraculous as well as the discussion of some of the leading divines of the day (Stillingfleet, Burnet) is most interesting and well done.

This book is well researched (witness the copious notes and excellent bibliography), well written, and clearly argued. I recommend it highly to anyone interested in the beginnings of the Enlightenment and/or English social-religious-political culture in the Restoration period.

New Zealand Art/Book Heist

According to the New Zealand Herald, Auckland University was the scene of a well-organized robbery over the holiday break: when librarians returned to campus last Wednesday they discovered that someone had broken through an unalarmed window and forced their way into a special collections area where the materials were being displayed. The item known to have been taken are a Charles Goldie painting (only recently returned to NZ from Canada), seven poems by Colin McCahon (purchased in 2001 and removed from secure hangings) and an unbound Oxford Lectern Bible (acquired in 2004 and taken from a glass case).

"Ferner Galleries managing director Helene Phillips said it sounded as if the items had been stolen to order. 'If they are stolen to order, then they have probably disappeared into a collection and we probably won't see them again. If they have not, then their resale is almost impossible.' Ms Phillips said all three items had cultural significance and she hoped that would prevent collectors buying them. 'It would be a sad day for New Zealand when we start to see our cultural heritage being stolen to order and hidden for ever.'"

An investigation into the thefts is ongoing, and police are reportedly reviewing security tapes and following fingerprint evidence.

(h/t Jim Carmin on Ex-Libris)

Culling the Classics

I have not been intentionally neglecting to mention now-infamous Washington Post article from last Tuesday "Hello Grisham -- So Long, Hemingway?" which has sparked much debate in the book and library communities; I've just been waiting for a spare moment in which I could write about it coherently (and at some length, for which I apologize).

The article, for those who've evaded it until now, is about the weeding policies of the Fairfax County (VA) public library system. Using new computer-generated statistics about circulation and demand, libraries in the system are systematically reviewing all books that haven't been checked out in at least two years ... and then deciding whether to keep them on the shelves, discard them, or transfer them to another branch within the system.

Weeding and replacement of collections is something that libraries have always done, of course, but as the article notes, the Fairfax system is "taking turnover to a new level. Like Borders and Barnes & Noble, Fairfax is responding aggressively to market preferences, calculating the system's return on its investment by each foot of space on the library shelves - and figuring out which products will generate the biggest buzz. So books that people actually want are easy to find, but many books that no one is reading are gone - even if they are classics." A sidebar reveals that among the books up for potential discard at one or more branches are The Works of Aristotle, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Jane Eyre, and Doctor Faustus. Incredible.

Importantly, librarians may use their discretion when it comes to tossing books; they are not bound by the monthly computer printout to abandon Aristotle (thankfully we don't have to close up all the library schools and turn the stacks over to the robots just yet). County system director Sam Clay's comment is probably indicative of the philosophy, though: "We're being very ruthless. A book is not forever. ... We don't want to keep what people don't use much of." True, to a point, but ruthlessness and librarianship aren't generally considered synonymous, at least not in my book.

More troubling than Clay's quote is that from Leslie Burger, the newly-elected president of the American Library Association. She told the Post "I think the days of libraries saying, 'We must have that, because it's good for people,' are beyond us. There is a sense in many public libraries that popular materials are what most of our communities desire." Ugh. Yes, popular materials and bestsellers are what have the buzz and what get the long 'hold' lists. But they fade, and fade quickly. Libraries - and especially public libraries - have a long-term duty to the community that goes far beyond making sure no one has to wait more than two days for the latest James Patterson potboiler (no offense to Mr. Patterson intended, of course). Burger is rather far off the mark here, it seems to me.

As Michael Lieberman notes in his excellent post on this, "Luckily there was one breath of fresh air." Arlington County library director Diane Kresh told the paper "Part of my philosophy is that you collect for the ages. The library has a responsibility to provide a core collection for the cultural education of its community." Kresh, who served for thirty years at the Library of Congress, has begun a new program "that gives forgotten classics prominent display" and works to increase their circulation.

Kresh's approach seems, to me, the far better one. Why not, instead of buying 80 copies of Sue Grafton's S is for Silence (as per a search of the Fairfax county system catalog this morning), buy oh, 40 copies of that and replace aging copies of the classics with new ones? I'd be willing to bet that many of the classics that haven't been checked out for a while are older copies which have seen better days. Perhaps sprucing up the shelves wouldn't be a bad idea (and would nicely complement a classics-promotion program). New copies and some emphasis might make an important difference for many of these books.

I should note that Mr. Clay has responded to the Post article with a statement on the library's website, which notes in part "Recent media reports have misled readers to believe that we’ve eliminated all copies of classic titles from our branches. This could not be further from the truth. Although we occasionally have to trim the number of copies we offer in a particular branch, we definitely keep multiple copies of these works in the Fairfax County Public Library. ... I want to assure you that we take our stewardship of public property very seriously. We make every effort to manage the public’s investment in library materials in a prudent, reasonable and rational way." I don't doubt this in the least, and I suspect the Post article was slightly overreactive. However, I think that public scrutiny of decisions and policies in public libraries is not only healthy but vital, and perhaps this exposure will make a difference when a librarian is asked to decide whether to relegate Marlowe to the book-sale table.

Rare Book Stolen in St. Petersburg

ITAR-TASS reports that a rare 1892 edition of History and Monuments of Byzantine Enamel has been stolen from the Institute of History and Material Culture's library in St. Petersburg. The report quotes a police officer: "An unidentified wrongdoer climbed a scaffold to reach a second storey window, slipped through it, and stole [the book] from an unguarded room."

Review of Note

Our good friend Ed (of Bibliothecary fame) has a review of Susanna Clarke's The Ladies of Grace Adieu and Other Stories and Robert Kirk's The Secret Commonwealth in today's Philadelphia Inquirer. The Clarke I quite enjoyed, and I'm impatiently awaiting the arrival of the Kirk. Ed liked both.

On the Borrowing of Books

Rabbi Berel Wein has a compact little essay in today's Jerusalem Post about the time-honored tradition of book-borrowing and the future of the printed word.

Hogarth and Defoe at the BPL

I finally managed to get my act together and stopped by the Boston Public Library yesterday to see "Crooks, Rogues, & Maids Less Than Virtuous: Books in the Streets of 18th-Century London," a new exhibit jointly mounted by the BPL and UMASS Boston. Centered around the library's William Trent Collection of Defoe and Defoeana (displayed publicly for the first time here), the exhibit examines the genesis of the novel in the book culture of London.

Aside from the (many) early editions of Defoe's works (and some by Swift and Pope as well), the exhibit also includes some excellent broadside examples, sensational and salacious pamphlets and fantastical travel accounts (including a lovely edition of Psalmanazar's history of Formosa). Several Hogarth prints enhance the cases and complement the texts nicely.

Highly recommended if you're in the Boston area.

Book Review: "Auto-da-Fé"

Elias Canetti's Auto-da-Fé, published in German as Die Blendung and translated here by C.V. Wedgwood, is considered a great masterwork of twentieth-century fiction. That reputation, I humbly suggest, is well deserved. While it is certainly one of the more bizarre pieces of writing I've read in quite some time, it was also one of the most provocative and intriguing.

Dr. Peter Kien, a leading sinologist, is the reclusive and introverted protagonist, whose life revolves solely around his great personal library and the work to which use he puts its contents. In a move he sees as crucial to the protection of his books, he marries his housekeeper, a gold-digging harpy who ends up slowly evicting Kien from his own flat and forcing him into the streets of Vienna. The plot twists and turns sharply from there, and comes to involve a red-headed and abusive caretaker, a devious hunchback, Kien's psychiatrist brother, and a gang of hapless policemen.

Canetti's fictional world is - to a rational reader - totally ridiculous, with the characters behaving in ways that seem completely strange and incomprehensible. And yet the internal rationales they provide for their actions somehow seem perfectly reasonable. It is a sick, twisted, violent and unpleasant place, filled with misunderstandings and betrayals; everyone, as Salman Rushdie blurbs on the back cover of my copy "get[s] it in the neck." It doesn't seem real, and yet ...

Not a fast read by any stretch, but the language is clear and concise (and excellently translated, I suspect without knowing German). A fascinating, enthralling tale.

To Talk of Many Things

I was out for the count yesterday with a nasty little cold, so here are a few of the things I missed, in short form (along with a few from today):

- The New York Times has a profile of a few independent bookstores in New York City which is worth checking out if you'll be in the area.

- Map thief E. Forbes Smiley reported to the federal prison 'camp' at Ayer, MA on Thursday to begin serving his 3.5-year sentence, the New Haven Register notes.

- Business Week has an article on building a home library, complete with a slide show of some positively drool-inducing examples. (h/t Lux Mentis, Lux Orbis).

- In the guise of a TLS review of a recent biography of HW Longfellow, Christopher Benfey takes a long look at the poet's life and reputation. A fascinating read. (h/t The Book Depository)

More soon. There are are few articles I haven't gotten through yet that I'm sure I'll have some comments on.

Book Revew: "The Book Thief"

The Book Thief: The True Crimes of Daniel Spiegelman (Praeger, 2006) is an account of the theft of numerous rare books and manuscrips from the Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscripts Library in the early 1990s, as well as the multi-year quest to bring the culprit to justice. Travis McDade, currently the Assistant Professor of Library Administration at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign's College of Law, has written what must be considered the definitive monograph on this case, barring any further developments (much of Spiegelman's haul has still not been recovered, and since the man is now out of jail again, more shoes could yet drop).

What is remarkable about the Spiegelman case, McDade argues, is that the crime was taken very seriously by federal judge Lewis Kaplan, who went out of his way to depart from federal sentencing guidelines and add to Spiegelman's jail term. This was based largely on the efforts of Columbia librarians and other scholars, who through written and oral testimony made clear that Spiegelman's crimes should not be examined simply in light of any monetary value the stolen objects had, but also in terms of the cultural and scholarly implications.

McDade notes that this book began as a research paper, and it still retains that sort of feel. He does not have the talent of Nicholas Basbanes or Miles Harvey for telling a good story; thankfully the Spiegelman drama holds enough water on its own to make this book interesting even through a writing style which is somewhat clunky. Additionally, another round of copy-editing might have improved the book, which contains multiple typographical and grammatical errors. Nonetheless, for those concerned with the protection of our cultural heritage from people like Spiegelman, McDade has written a book well worth reading.

OED Enlists British Public

The editors of the Oxford English Dictionary are once again taking it to the streets, asking the public for help in finding earlier usages of forty common (for Britain, at least) words and phrases. Results will be aired on the BBC show "Balderdash and Piffle" in a segment called "The Wordhunt". A similar segment met with some success last year.

OED chief editor John Simpson said of the effort "Wordhunters made some remarkable discoveries in the last series. They found wordhunt words tucked away in football fanzines, LPs, school newspapers - just the sort of sources we can't easily get our hands on."

The full list of sought words is here, and if you are inclined to hunt some words yourself, you can submit the evidence via email.

Vegetarian Cookbook/Ephemera Collection Goes to Radcliffe

The Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge (MA) has acquired the vegetarian cookbook and ephemera collection of Jim Whitten, a third-grade teacher from Suffield, CT. Over the last six years - after becoming a vegan himself - Whitten has been accumulating materials relating to vegetarianism, and his collection now comprises "more than 200 American and British volumes and periodicals dating from the 17th century to the present, as well as menus, autographs of well-known vegetarians, even a plastic guitar pick belonging to the late Linda McCartney," according to the Boston Globe.

Whitten decided to sell the collection about a year ago, and Radcliffe purchased it to complement its 150,000 volume culinary collection. Ever the collector, Whitten is now purchasing signed poetry books, many by Pulitzer Prize-winning authors.

(h/t Bibliophile Bullpen)

John Quincy Adams' Mendi Bible

In keeping with today's trend, I just learned that when Deval Patrick is sworn in as the first black governor of Massachusetts tomorrow, he will also be using a book of particular historical importance: a Bible given to John Quincy Adams by the Amistad captives.

The Boston Globe reports that the Bible - now in the possession of the Adams National Historic Park in Quincy - was presented to Adams following the Supreme Court decision which set them free and allowed their return to Africa. In an inscription, the men wrote that the book "has been a precious book to us in prison, and we love to read it now we are free." Adams responded in a letter of gratitude which reads in part "It was from that book that I learnt to espouse your cause when you were in trouble."

Beverly Morgan-Welch, head of the Museum of African American History in Boston and co-chair of Patrick's inaugural committee, told the Globe "This Bible is a quintessential American symbol, one of democracy, and the inner workings of freedom, and our system of laws, and the abolitionist movement, and it represents a real victory for Africans who stood up for themselves. The Bible was given to Adams by these freed African men because they so appreciated that Adams was not just their legal advocate, but he believed in their freedom, and here we are, how many years later, and we are installing Massachusetts' first African-American governor."

A very good and accurate account of the Amistad case is to be found here, and if you've never read JQA's unbelievable Supreme Court argument, I urge you, do so.

Thomas Jefferson's Koran

The representative-elect from Michigan's 5th district will make history in more ways in one when he is sworn in tomrrow. Keith Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, will also be the first to use Thomas Jefferson's personal copy of the Koran in his swearing-in ceremony. According to the Washington Post, Ellison contacted the Library of Congress' rare book division early last month; "He wanted to use a Koran that was special," said Mark Dimunation, the division chief.

Jefferson's Koran is a copy of the George Sale translation printed in the 1750s. It was part of the former president's library which he sold to the government after the War of 1812 to reconstitute the Library of Congress (after it was burned by the British). The copy survived an 1851 fire and contains Jefferson's customary initals.

Ellison's decision to hold a copy of the Koran in his swearing-in ceremony prompted an anti-Muslim screed from his Virginia colleague Virgil Goode (who represents the area where Jefferson was born). "Ellison will take the official oath of office along with the other incoming members in the House chamber, then use the Koran in his individual, ceremonial oath with new Speaker Nancy Pelosi," the Post reports.

I suspect, Virgil Goode notwithstanding, that Thomas Jefferson wouldn't mind in the slightest.

Book Review: "American Bloomsbury"

Novelist and memoirist Susan Cheever's new American Bloomsbury: Louisa May Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau: Their Lives, Their Loves, Their Work is a glimpse into one of America's most influential literary communities, that which flourished in and around Concord, Massacusetts from the late 1830s into the early 1860s. Cheever's title characters form the core relationships, but other greats of American literature make cameo appearances: Longfellow, Melville, Oliver Wendell Holmes are among them.

This is not a particularly serious book; it is full of glib colloquialisms (Emerson as the "sugar daddy" of the group, Fuller as "bitchy" just for example), odd throwaway paragraphs, unwarranted speculations, and long passages of description which may or may not be entirely fabricated (it's hard to say, since none of them are cited in the sparse citations which, typically for Simon & Schuster, go unmarked in the text). Cheever's habit of occasionally jumping into the narrative with a short personal interjection is both unwelcome and unnecessary, and I found her wistful, whiny final chapter on Concord today entirely ridiculous. Also, a line on p. 150 regarding the presidential election of 1852 is off somehow - Van Buren was decidedly not the incumbent in that election.

The most troubling aspect of Cheever's writing was a narrative style in which she jumps about relentlessly, resulting in what she herself (p. xiii) calls "a series of overlapping scenes in which some incidents are repeated, sometimes more than once." Keeping a sense of chronology is nearly impossible, and at several points (chapters 30 and 31, also p. 178) the sequence of things is quite unclear. Including a few more referential dates here and there would have been very helpful in this regard, but a less schizophrenic structure would have improved the book in a more significant way.

Cheever's subjects are fascinating people, and their interactions with each other form an amazing story. I only wish that this author had worked harder at telling it well.

Renaissance Chess Strategy Found

ANSA reports that a 48-page study of chess dating from around 1500 has been discovered in an Italian library. The manuscript, De Ludo Scacchorum ("On the Game of Chess"), by mathematician Luca Pacioli, was cited in other works but was feared lost itself. It was found by book dealer Duilio Contin amongst the books of the last count of Coronini in the library of the Palazzo Coronini Cronberg (Galizia). The heavily-illustrated text was apparently acquired by Coronini in 1963.

Pacioli, whose authorship of the chess treatise has now been confirmed by experts, was an early tutor to Leonardo da Vinci and is considered the "father of modern accounting" for his 1494 work Summa, which outlined the double-entry system used by Venetian merchants.

I'm not a chess player, but it's always fascinating to see re-emergences like this.

(via Shelf:Life and UPI)

Book Review: "Patience and Fortitude"

It is fitting, perhaps, that my first review of 2007 is a book I should have read long, long ago. Nicholas Basbanes' Patience and Fortitude is the author's second book after the wonderful A Gentle Madness, and it does not disappoint. Basbanes, as always, covers a significant amount of ground in this volume, but I found it nearly impossible to set this book down even for a moment or two once I started reading.

Taking its name from the pair of stone lions who guard the entrance to the New York Public Library's main building, Patience and Fortitude shows through countless examples how those two virtures are essential to the selection, creation and maintenance of great libraries (in any form, although it must be noted that having a little money doesn't hurt either). Basbanes takes his reader on a marvelous tour through the great libraries of the past (Alexandria, Glastonbury, Pergamum) to those of the present day (Harvard, Library of Congress, British Library, etc.) with his characteristic style and wit. Through interviews with book people of all stripes, Basbanes brings the culture of books alive - who can resist the lure of the printed page when it is described by such a master?

The dramatis personae of this book are far too varied and numerous to list, although I found the sections on Barry Moser, Umberto Eco, and the many emigre booksellers who came to North America before and during the second world war most personally intriguing. Basbanes' treatment of the great San Francisco library controversy of the 1990s is focused and fair, and his discussion of the role that technology and digitization will play in the library of the future is among the best I've read. While I read it straight through from cover to cover, the organization of the book is such that you could easily read a section here or there as your interests led (but you'll be sucked in, of that I have little doubt).

As always, I will issue my perennial quibble that the notes are not indicated in the text, although they are excellent and accompany a tremendous bibliography (from which I've just made a list of a number of books that I need to read). But this is another great offering, and one any book-lover should not let sit on the "to be read" shelf any longer.

Anniversaries and Birthdays

Don't miss the great Bibliophile Bullpen list of today's birthdays and anniversaries, for which January 1 seems to be a red-letter day! The start of Pepys' diary (1660), the marriage of James Fenimore Cooper (1811), the first issue of Garrison's "The Liberator" (1831) and the date of the New York Public Library's incorporation (1849) are just a few of the notable moments.

Historical Herbal Yields Possible Cures

In an article in the British Medical Journal this month, a team of doctors at the Mayo Clinic plan to outline some potential "new" medical discoveries they've made using a 300 year-old herbal text (Ambonese Herbal) by Dutch naturalist Georg Eberhard Rumpf (Rumphius), the AP reports. Eric Buenz, 29, examined the book and then traveled to Samoa to collect a tree extract the herbal claimed could cure diarrhea. "What they found was that the potion, made from the nuts of the atun tree, works a lot like an antibiotic, killing various types of bacteria."

Rumpf, who traveled to the Pacific with the Dutch East India Company, collected plants on the island of Ambon in the 1650s, and had written a manuscript text on his findings which burned in a fire thirty years later. A second draft of the herbal, dictated by Rumpf (he'd gone blind) was lost when the ship carrying it was sunk by the French. The third time was the charm, and eventually a seven-volume herbal was published. Buenz "stumbled upon" a partially-translated edition of the text in Hawaii and began searching it for unknown treatments.

The Mayo Clinic has now obtained a patent on the atun nut extract.

I haven't heard of Rumpf before, but his story sounds fascinating! Must do a little research on this fellow, I think ...

[here's a bit more on him. Sheesh, what luck. Anybody know if there are biographies of him out there?] [[Darn, looks like the last one was published in 1944 ... and it's in Dutch.]]

My Best (and Worst) Books of 2006

I read 154* books in 2006, which works out to about one every two and a half days. Since I would be awfully hard-pressed to pick a simple top ten from those I'll split it up and do ten each of fiction and non-fiction (and then ten each of the ones that disappointed me, just for good measure). Books are in no particular order within the categories, and were not necessarily published this year.

Fiction Top Ten
English Passengers by Matthew Kneale (review)
Harry Potter and the ... by J.K. Rowling (yes, I read all six this year)
The Ladies of Grace Adieu and Other Stories by Susanna Clarke (review)
Year of Wonders by Geraldine Brooks (review)
The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield (review)
The Time Traveler's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger (review)
A Conspiracy of Paper, The Coffee Trader, A Spectacle of Corruption by David Liss (I know, that's three, deal with it)
The Poe Shadow by Matthew Pearl (review)
The Seville Communion by Arturo Perez-Reverte (review)
The Alienist by Caleb Carr

Nonfiction Top Ten
Banvard's Folly by Paul Collins (review)
Team of Rivals by Doris Kearns Goodwin (review)
The Divided Ground by Alan Taylor (review)
Mayflower by Nathaniel Philbrick (review)
The Orchid Thief by Susan Orlean
Portrait of an Obsession by A.N.L. Munby
A Gentle Madness by Nicholas Basbanes (review)
The Magic Circle of Rudolf II by Peter Marshall (review)
Rough Crossings by Simon Schama (review)
Sherlock Holmes: The Unauthorized Biography by Nick Rennison (yes, it's sort of fiction, but it didn't belong in that category) (review)

Nonfiction Bottom Ten
Samuel Adams by Mark Puls (review)
1421: The Year the Chinese Discovered America by Gavin Menzies (review)
The Book of Lost Books by Stuart Kelly (review)
Nathaniel's Nutmeg by Giles Milton
What Would the Founders Do? by Richard Brookhiser (review)
Dark Bargain by Larry Goldstone (review)
One Good Turn by Witold Rybczynski
Dante by Barbara Reynolds (review)
Walking to Canterbury by Jerry Ellis
Patriotic Treason by Evan Carton (review)

Fiction Bottom Ten
The Keep by Jennifer Egan
The Collectors by David Baldacci (review)
The Book of Fate by Brad Meltzer (review)
The Third Translation by Matthew Bondurant (review)
Lost by Gregory Maguire
Malefice by Leslie Wilson
The Master by Colm Toibin
The Queen of the South by Arturo Perez-Reverte
The Death of Colonel Mann by Cynthia Peale
Death of an Ugly Stepsister by Gregory Maguire

*At least. As I wrote this post I kept finding more that I had forgotten.

Link Added

I've added a sidebar link to Bookride, a new blog by Charing Cross Road's own Nigel Burwood (of Any Amount of Books). Stop by and check it out.

Preparing for Potter

The release date hasn't even been announced, but the Globe and Mail reports that the Royal Mail Service is already making preparations for the arrival of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.* "More than 500,000 advance order copies of the sixth adventure, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince were delivered on July 16, 2005, in an operation that required some 150 additional trucks ferrying books to around 1,400 delivery offices across Britain. While the number represents only a fraction of the 80 million items the Royal Mail delivers daily, the security - and secrecy - surrounding the work mean the books have to spend as little time as possible on warehouse floors, complicating their distribution."

Here's a wowser: Deathly Hallows is already the number one book at amazon.co.uk, based solely on pre-orders (I suppose that's got nothing to do with the fact that "reserve your copy now" is plastered right across the main page ...).

(h/t Joyce at Bibliophile Bullpen).

* Yes, we now know the title. Exactly what definition Rowling's going for with "hallows" seems to be the big question on everybody's mind - well, after when the book's going to appear, that is.

Book Review: "The King's Three Faces"

Boston University history professor Brendan McConville's new book (his second) is The King's Three Faces: The Rise & Fall of Royal America, 1688-1776. It is billed as "a powerful counterthesis to the dominant American historiography," and while I think it undeserving of such melodramatic jacket blurbage, it is still not only an important book but also a good one, and should be widely read.

McConville's fundamental argument is that royalism in the American colonies ran very deeply from the time of the Glorious Revolution (1688) to the very start of the Revolutionary War in 1775-6. Over those decades, he maintains, rites and ceremonies honoring the British monarchs became engrained in the American way of life; this led to the creation of an emotional tie between the individual and the ruler that grew stronger through the early decades of the eighteenth century. Simultaneously in England, the people's bond with the monarch grew weaker while their support for parliament increased. McConville calls this trend paradoxical, but I think if he'd examined Americans' support for their elected colonial legislatures he would have found an important parallel that is entirely absent from this treatment.

The best portions of this book were those describing the various ceremonies used to honor the English monarchs and their families, as well as McConville's discussion of royal images as they were put to use in colonial America. I also was quite impressed with the section on a few of the proposals for structural redesigns of the imperial scheme that could well have averted the military revolution: McConville argues that because these were proffered by "outsiders" (that is, not by imperial bureaucrats who would have had to support any such changes for them to be effected), all such efforts were bound to fail. Nonetheless, there were some very imaginative plans put forth!

As McConville correctly notes, Americans' final break with George III was both abrupt and passionate - it was thought well through the first months of the Revolution that the monarch would not prosecute a war against the colonies, and when it became clear this was a misguided hope, the rupture was both fierce and extreme (witness the pulling down of the royal statue in New York City, for example). This is not a new argument, but its complementary piece (the long-running colonial feud with Parliament) is an important element in the runup to Revolution that McConville omits.

Since I always gripe about poor practices with footnotes, I must add some words of praise for this book: UNC Press has put McConville's references right where they belong, at the bottom of the page. Only the absence of a full bibliography is to be lamented in this case.

The King's Three Faces is a well-written book; it simply tries to make too much of a splash by claiming to "reinterpret history"; McConville's excellent examination of American colonial royalism would stand quite firmly on its own.

On the Trail of Stolen Documents

Time has a 'exclusive' feature this week on Operation Historic Protector, an effort launched by NARA's Inspector General last month "to combat what many fear is a growing threat to the federal government's historical repository, as well as to state archives and university libraries: the pilfering of old letters, documents, maps, photographs, books and other historical artifacts."

Right now the project is pretty low-level, with two staffers from the IG's office assigned to monitor the manuscript trade in search of suspicious items. Paul Brachfeld, the inspector general, told the magazine that OMB has so far refused his request to fund the operation, "but he says he hopes to build up his force along with a network of outside artifacts experts around the country who will tip off his agents 'every time they find something suspicious. And we swoop down.'"

Brachfeld told Time that his office is investigating a "major case" of document theft "in which 'almost a hundred documents' are believed to have been stolen by a National Archives employee. Brachfeld would not discuss details of that case because 'it is awaiting prosecution.'" This one has not hit the news so far as I know.

In the wake of the Smiley/Berger/Harner/&c. cases in recent years, this doesn't seem like a bad idea. When I was at Union we recovered multiple items stolen from the library by monitoring eBay, so it certainly can be done. Clearly we can't just sit back and ignore the problem.

Stocking-Stuffers

Paul Collins has not one but two Christmas Eve treats for us: in the New York Times today he has a short essay on a little-known political hit-piece by Clement Clarke Moore, the putative author of "A Visit from Saint Nicholas" (aka "'Twas the Night Before Christmas"). In 1804, Moore published an anonymous pamphlet attacking then-president Thomas Jefferson for his views on religion and race relations as expressed in Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia. Collins remarks on the pamphlet, its context, and Moore himself.

And over at Weekend Stubble, Collins writes on a rather odd assignment he's been working on this year: an article in the current New Scientist about food which is decades or even centuries old. His post contains some great pictures of Boer War chocolate rations, and the full article is very much worth a read.

Top Ten Books at Auction, 2006

Fine Books & Collections will release its top fifty books sold at auctions in a couple months, but they've posted a preview: the top ten sales range from $781,000 for the 1595 Mercator atlas sold at Sotheby's to $5.2 million for the 1623 Shakespeare First Folio (also auctioned by Sotheby's). Nine of the top ten sold for more than a million bucks, with four fetching in excess of $2 million.

Christmas Card Craze

The AP has a dispatch about the origins of mass-produced Christmas cards - in 1843, Londoner Henry Cole produced about 1,000 engraved greeting cards, some of which he sent to friends and family (the extras were sold). Only some 20 of the originals exist today. By the 1870s the practice was spreading to America through Boston publisher Louis Prang, and this year, the article notes, Americans are expected to send something like 2 billion greeting cards.

AP also sidenotes that 1843 was also the year in which Charles Dickens released his now-classic tale A Christmas Carol.

Spotty-Posting Warning

I'm off early Thursday for a nice long bus trip home to central NY for Christmas, so posting will probably be somewhat sporadic for the next week or so. Happy holidays to all!

A Few Good Links

- BookFinder has tabulated their ten most-sought out of print books for 2006. Quite an, erm, interesting, list.

- Over at Confessions of a Bookplate Junkie, Lew's got a selection of celebrity bookplates (mostly actresses).

- Joyce at Bibliophile Bullpen has added some book-related Dürer and Schopper engravings to her CafePress shop - you can get them on t-shirts and totebags, and she assures us that mugs are "coming soon."

- Hugh Hollowell has a post listing everything you ever wanted to know about him but were afraid to ask (plus some).

- BibliOdyssey. Need I say more?

Defining Booksellers

Michael Lieberman has released Part I of Book Patrol's Bookseller Manifesto for the 21st Century, comprising new definitions for various types of bookseller: "Of course, on the most basic level, one who sells books is a bookseller. Unfortunately, the bookselling landscape has been so radically altered that the term bookseller has become void of any significant or specific meaning." Check out his new lexicon, and offer your comments if you're so inclined. Part II of the Manifesto, he says, will "deal with the fractured world of bookselling and offer some concrete ways booksellers can unite and succeed."

Massively "Grangerized" Bible Sold

A Devonshire rector's bible sold last week at auction for £47,000, reports the Church Times. What made this particular copy so expensive? Rev. Franke Parker had taken an 1800 edition of the Macklin Bible (normally bound in six or seven volumes, with a current price tag of around £600) and extra-illustrated it with more then 9,000 Old Master prints and engravings. By the time he was through, in 1883, he had the book bound in 63 volumes, each 20 inches tall (covering twenty feet of shelf space).

The bible had been in the possession of Henry Phillpotts, a Bishop of Exeter, whose library is being auctioned off (the Parker Bible was the first thing to go). The set attracted much attention from art collectors at the Dominic Winter auction house near Cirencester before the sale; it was purchased by an anonymous phone bidder.

Unfortunately, things here take a nasty turn. According to the auctioneer, the high bidder has "already extracted the prints and drawings he wanted", to the tune of some 300 illustrations. They now hope to sell the damaged set to "an American institution, which had expressed interest during the auction."

It's most unfortunate that the diocese did not attempt to find an institutional home for the bible where it could have remained intact as the unique oddity it is - to have it destroyed so recklessly is a great shame indeed. (That being said, I cannot condone the Rev. Parker's actions in creating such a montrosity, since he undoubtedly destroyed a good many books himself in the process).

Book Review: "God's Universe"

In God's Universe, Harvard Professor of Astronomy and the History of Science Emeritus Owen Gingerich spells out his views on the creation of the universe, arguing that "the universe has been created with intention and purpose, and that this belief does not interfere with the scientific enterprise." He believes that the universe can be seen as a more "coherent and congenial place if I assume that it embodies purpose and intention." In this modern-day natural theology (see William Paley's works for its earlier analogues), Gingerich says he has found a "subtle place for design in the world of science" (a force which brought about the big bang, for example, or caused the formation of DNA).

Gingerich is careful to distance himself from many sides in this debate. He laments the "primitive scriptural literalism that leads erroneously to a conclusion that the earth is only a few thousand years old", while at the same time chiding those who say they favor "Intelligent Design" for pitting their views as an alternative to Darwinism. "As a philosophical idea," he writes, "ID is interesting, but it does not replace the scientific explanations that evolution offers" (p. 74). However, he has just as much gentle remonstration for the hardline evolutionists, including Richard Dawkins, who "use their stature as scientific spokesmen as a bully pulpit for atheism. ... I suppose he single-handedly makes more converts to Intelligent Design than any of the leading [ID] theorists." He also has differences with E.O. Wilson over the question of purpose and randomness.

What is special about this book is its reasonableness. Gingerich does not argue that those who disagree with his view of the creation are wrong, simply that they see things differently. His fundamental point is well worth quoting here: "Science will not collapse if some practitioners are convinced that there has occasionally been creative input into the long chain of being." As Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Darwin, Gingerich is a scientist who happens to believe in an active God - and that didn't stop any of them from being good scientists. (Likewise, I don't think the opposite belief hampers scientific investigation either; like Gingerich, it's extremism and closed-mindedness I have difficulty with).

Whether or not you agree with Gingerich's thesis, these short essays are both provocative and interesting. We need more calm, steady voices like his in the debate over the role of religion in science (and vice versa).

Book Review: "Phiz"

The improbably-named Hablot Knight Browne (aka, with good reason, "Phiz") is the subject of a recent biography by Valerie Browne Lester - Phiz: The Man Who Drew Dickens. Illustrator extraordinaire, Phiz was responsible for the engravings which accompanied many of Dickens' works in their original serialized form: it is his images of such timeless characters as Uriah Heep, Mr. Pickwick, and Dr. Manette in the Bastille that have engraved themselves on our collective literary memory. I thought this time of year would be quite appropriate for a read of it (I'm also having my semi-annual read-through of A Christmas Carol).

Lester's biography is the tale of the relationship (business and personal) between Phiz and Dickens, but also of his works with other authors less well-known today (Charles Lever, Harrison Ainsworth, and many more). It also aptly tells the story of Phiz' family life and other endeavours. Although Lester's position as her subject's great-great-granddaughter kept much criticism from the work (if Phiz had any faults, you won't learn of them here), it is nonetheless a fascinating look at Victorian literary culture.

It's an awful shame that both Dickens and Phiz destroyed much of their correspondence; from the letters which survive and are quoted here, it is reasonable to assume that those burned missives would be both hilariously witty and copiously illustrated with little sketches. A most unfortunate loss. This biography is, however, nicely illustrated with copies of various Phiz engravings - which complement the text beautifully - as well as sections of photographs.

A fine casual read.

Young Collectors Profiled

The Christian Science Monitor has a piece today on a few young book collectors, highlighting a panel discussion between a few of them at the Boston ABAA fair last month.

No Jail for Memorabilia Thief

The AP reports that Barbara Moore, a college teacher convicted for possessing stolen archival items from the papers of pianist Glenn Gould (she was acquitted on the theft charge in October) has been sentenced to pay a $5,500 fine and perform 60 hours of community service. Moore is believed to have snatched the papers when she was researching at the National Archives of Canada in the late 1980s.

(h/t Everett at ExLibris).

Book Review: "Schott's Almanac 2007"

Ben Schott, best known until now for his three "miscellanies" (Original; Food & Drink; Sporting, Gaming & Idling) has gotten into the almanac game; the 2007 edition was released this fall by Bloomsbury. Like the earlier volumes, this is a collection of entertaining and useful facts, organized by broad topics for easy browsing. Not really the sort of book to sit down and read in sequence, but perfect for dipping into now and then as the mood strikes you.

Like more "traditional" almanacs, Schott's includes some information pertinent to the year covered, including various awards presented, crime, election and other statistics, and the obligatory ephemerides. There are useful summaries of news stories and scientific studies, some handy glossaries, &c. &c. I particularly enjoyed the presidential comparison chart (p. 292-3), the book recommendations (p. 166) and the whole Books & Arts section (p. 159-180).

With occasional illustrations very reminiscent of those in the Wall Street Journal and a very nice design overall (even if the text does seem a little too small at times), this almanac is definitely worth a perusal, and I'll look forward to the 2008 edition with anticipation.

Rutgers Receives Central Europe Trove

The Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University has received a gift of what is believed to be the largest collection of modern Hungarian art outside Central Europe, reports the International Herald Tribune. The donation - from New York's Salgo Trust for Education - also includes a collection of 16th-19th century maps and rare books.

Museum in the Works for Extraordinary Collection

Yesterday the New York Times reported on a massive and marvelous collection of materials relating to African-American history which had been accumulated over many years by university librarian Mayme Agnew Clayton. Ms. Clayton, who died earlier this year, had collected more than 30,000 rare books by and about blacks, as well as "the world’s largest collection of 16-mm films made by blacks; 75,000 photographs; 9,500 sound recordings; and tens of thousands of documents, manuscripts and correspondence." Her son Avery is now working to create a museum and research center in Culver City, CA where the materials can be archived and displayed.

Highlights of the collection include a signed first edition of Phillis Wheatley's 1773 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, and rare copies of works by Langston Hughes and other Harlem Renaissance figures. However, the distinctiveness of this collection is in its breadth and depth; experts told the Times the collection is "unmatched on the West Coast."

Book Review: "Pigeons"

Journalist Andrew Blechman's Pigeons: The Fascinating Saga of the World's Most Revered and Reviled Bird (released recently from Grove Press) provides an interesting cross-section of "pigeon culture" around the world today. From the racing and breeding clubs of New York, Europe, and China to the shooting clubs of rural Pennsylvania, to a "squab factory" in South Carolina and the "bird control" outfits of, well, every major city, Blechman surveys the great variety of relationships humans have had and continue to have with pigeons.

As with most books of this type, some "characters" are expected to make appearances. There's "Dr. Pigeon," an enthusiast who lives in a one-room cabin with no electricity or running water, and also Kee Bubbenmoyer (an unapologetic pigeon shooter). The mysterious "Bob" who organizes "underground pigeon protection groups". And Anna Dove and Sally Bananas, who walk around New York dumping ten-pound bags of birdseed because the pigeons "need them." The one that perhaps takes the cake, however, was Dave Roth, a Phoenix man who lives in a house Blechman depicts as absolutely covered in pigeon dung from the various birds he's rescued. Blechman even spends a chapter discussing his unsuccessful attempt to get an interview with Mike Tyson, who has a flock of pigeons and apparently enjoys them more than anything else in the world.

While it's true that pigeons often get a bad rap, and there are certainly many population control methods in use that are at best ineffective and at worst causing an even bigger problem, Blechman's enthusiasm was at times slightly excessive to the point of getting obnoxious. The fact that he profiled the women who spend their days providing food to wild pigeons in the middle of Manhattan (and thereby increasing their dependence on human action and keeping them concentrated in urban centers where they cause the most problems) without so much as a caution against this sort of irresponsible behavior was very troubling. In some sense, it is not the pigeons we should blame for just "doing what they do," but the people who go out of their way to permit and aid the pigeons in finding the perfect habitat in our cities. Blechman's discussion of how Basel, Switzerland dealt with its pigeon problem was instructive, and is certainly a lesson worth learning.

Pigeons do have many interesting features, including their ability to home (return to their roost), which is still not completely understood by scientists. The sections on this in the book as well as a historical look at the use of pigeons by the military, were among the most interesting and least objectionable to me.

Some minor quibbles: Blechman writes (p. 6) "the name 'rock pigeon' is becoming increasingly popular among ornithologists"). "Rock pigeon actually became the official name of the bird (Columba livia) in 2003 (hence its growing use). Darwin's voyage on the Beagle lasted nearly five years, not two (p. 51), and Blechman seems to attribute more to Darwin's early conclusions about the Galapagos finches than there was (ironic, since Darwin put pigeons to great use in formulating his ideas about evolution). Bat dung is guano, not guana (p. 131). A very minor thing, but I thought the paragraphs were indented too far onto the page.

More substantively, it's curious that this book has no pictures. Blechman works at describing in great detail some of the various decorative pigeon breeds, but provides no images of them at all. Nor are photographs of any of his "characters" included. Perhaps this was seen as an unnecessary expense, but it would have been rather helpful.

Certainly a quick book to breeze through with some very intriguing anecdotes and characters. But sadly, nothing particularly special.

Housekeeping

I've added quite a few links to the sidebar, and removed a few blogs which hadn't been updated in months. Here are the new ones (ordered randomly):

- Book Patrol: A Haven for Book Lovers. An excellent blog by Michael Lieberman; Book Patrol was recently picked up (very deservedly) by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

- hugh's blog: Adventures in Entrepreneurism. A reasonably new blog by Hugh Hollowell, who's got some great projects going as well as some really useful posts.

- Cuppa Joad. A blog run by the good folks at alibris. They recently included PhiloBiblos in a post called "Blogs for Bibliophiles to Pore Over" (I'm honored indeed to be lumped with the others in that list!).

- FoggyGates - A Bookish Blog. Forrest Proper of Joslin Hall Rare Books (Northampton, MA) runs this one. I have long enjoyed Joslin Hall's great catalog commentary; this is a great addition.

- Tech Ramblings from the Rare Book Trade. Mainly tech-related, but not entirely. Wonderfully written posts.

- BibliOdyssey. Wonderful illustrations from rare books, and useful accompanying text.

- fade theory. More on books, libraries, &c. Also some reviews.

I've also added the links from the sidebar to a page on del.icio.us (here), mainly so that I can access them all if I'm not at my own computer - but you're welcome to use them as well.

Dickens Letter on the Block

A letter written by Charles Dickens on December 25, 1849, is up for sale at a New Hampshire auction house. In the short note, to journalist William Jerdan, Dickens writes "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! As you reprint the extraordinary lies of the New York Herald, perhaps you may like to know something more of their authority. I therefore send you for your own perusal (for I must not anticipate the defence to the ingenious Mr. Powell’s American actions for libel) a few small passages in the life of the distinguished 'literary gentleman from England,' who is in question."

In their listing, the auction house notes that Jerdan's paper, the Literary Gazette, had printed excerpts from an earlier New York Herald piece by Thomas Powell concerning a biography of Dickens and the roots of a dispute.

Bidding on the letter ends tonight. As of 10:45 a.m., the amount bid for this letter was $1815.

There are many other interesting things in this sale, both autographs and full letters.

Book Review: "The Italian Secretary"

Caleb Carr, best known for The Alienist, has tried in The Italian Secretary to do the impossible: write a decent Sherlock Holmes story without being Arthur Conan Doyle. The result is surprisingly not bad; typically I cannot get through attempts like this, but Carr's effort was worth it - he comes perhaps as close as possible, but there's still something missing from the Holmes and Watson who appear in this novel (as I think there must be).

Nonetheless, this is a fine mystery in itself, with suitable suspense, decent plot twists, and appropriately nefarious villains. A fast read.

Book Review: "The Piltdown Forgery"

The classic account of 'the rise and fall of Piltdown Man,' written by J.S. Weiner, one of the scientists who uncovered the great natural history hoax. This edition of The Piltdown Forgery (first published in 1953) contains a new introduction and afterword by Chris Stringer, who brings the story up to the present day. Weiner's own narrative is a readable examination of the discovery, the controversy, and the eventual undoing of the Piltdown hoax, complete with a damning indictment of those who perpetrated the act. Weiner is somewhat careful not to definitively attribute blame, although not surprisingly his suspicions centered on Charles Dawson, the "discoverer" of the remains. A worthwhile short read.

Update: Borges Manuscripts Found

Call off the dogs: the two lost Lame Duck Borge manuscripts have been found, reports the Boston Globe's "Off the Shelf" blog. Apparently the works were "simply improperly filed." More here.

December "Avid Collector"

Abebooks has released the newest edition of their "Avid Collector" newsletter. As always, it's chock-full of goodies, including a sweet subscription offer for Fine Books & Collections (blog), an interview with Bill Reese, some musings on remainder marks ("merely a minor nuisance and rather inconsequential ... [or] the scourge of the universe, the ebola virus of the collecting community and something to be avoided at all costs"?) and many other goodies. You can sign up to receive the e-version of "Avid Collector" here.

Borges Manuscripts Lost, Presumed Stolen

Lame Duck Books in Cambridge has reported the loss and presumed theft of two extremely rare Jorge Luis Borges manuscripts, the Harvard Crimson reports. "Pierre Menard, Author of Don Quixote," and "The Library of Babel" were last seen at the Hamburg Book Fair in early November, and were discovered missing on November 16 during a reception before the Boston Antiquarian Book Fair. They were priced at $450,000 and $500,000 respectively.

Reports of the theft have been filed with Cambridge Police and with Interpol; Lame Duck's insurance company is also investigating.

A very decent article, worth reading - good quotes from some Borges scholars and Lame Duck's Saúl Roll.

Of course I share the hope that these manuscripts are recovered and don't disappear for decades down the rabbit-hole that is the black market for this sort of thing. If you have any information about the disappearance, please contact the Cambridge Police Department or Interpol.

Book Thieves Caught Red-Handed

Kim Martineau's got another bang-up tale of book thievery in the Hartford Courant today, this one with a whiff of cross-border intrigue. She reports that Nora Thompson and Peter Mason King were arrested in Toronto in October after being seen on surveillance footage lifting rare books from The Avenue Ltd., an antique and art shop in Westport, CT. The duo were reselling the books to Toronto dealer "D & E Lake Ltd., according to police. Investigators also uncovered evidence that the duo also had been stealing from the Toronto dealer and pawning off the items at irresistible prices back to Phelps-Wyant in Westport, police said."

It is unclear just how much the couple snagged and how many other shops they visited, the paper notes.

Capote Futures Falling?

Based entirely on personal observation, it seems that Boston's In Cold Blood-mania - propped up for the last couple of years by near-constant releases of one film or another about Truman Capote - has begun to abate. Through the late summer, it was near-impossible to find a used copy of the book in any of the Boston shops (I know, as I was hunting one up for a customer). Yesterday, however, I realized that we had two copies in stock (at once!), and both had been in the store longer than a day.

Maybe it's just because the title doesn't make the book a particularly appetizing holiday present, but I think that perhaps the fever has broken.

Book Review: "The Iraq Study Group Report"

I've just finished reading the Vintage edition of The Iraq Study Group Report, which was printed almost overnight for its public release last Wednesday. It's a fairly short document - just 96 pages of report and another fifty pages of supporting documents - but it's an important one. This bipartisan group of some of the most interesting minds in American political life today managed to reach consensus on seventy-nine recommendations for a new approach to America's policy toward Iraq and the wider Middle East region. These recommendations are not something that we ought to take lightly, and I hope that they will be given their due by those who must decide whether to act of them or to continue down the current, perilous, path.

I believe that the recommendations contained in this report, if pursued in a comprehensive, bipartisan and coherent manner, have the potential to provide America with not only a viable exit strategy from Iraq, but also a blueprint for lasting stability in the Middle East and a lessening of ideological warfare here at home. No, this report is not a magic bullet and will not solve our problems overnight. But following this strategy, it seems to me, would improve our chances of success ... or at least decrease our chances of abject and utter failure characterized by continued deterioration of Iraq and a possible regional conflagration.

If you don't want the Vintage version of the report, you can always download it here in pdf form.

Book Review: "The Gettysburg Gospel"

Civil War historian and longtime Gettysburg resident Gabor Boritt knows just about every detail imaginable about Lincoln's speech there on November 19, 1863. And now, so can you! In The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech Nobody Knows (a most ironic subtitle), Boritt provides what must be as comprehensive a study of the Gettsyburg Address as any that's ever been written before.

The narrative itself covers the aftermath of the July battle and the organization of the cemetery dedication ceremonies and the strain they put on the town, and also offers a full run-down of those who participated in the dedication. Boritt discusses Lincoln's writing process at length (even though almost nothing is know for certain about the composition of his speech), and adequately portrays the mood of the 19th, with Edward Everett's two-hour oration, Lincoln's two-minute "comment," and the rest of the ceremonies in context.

Some discussion is then given to the aftermath of the speech, from an exhaustive
survey of newspaper coverage and comments in private letters. Boritt traces the speech's slow but steady rise in popularity through the 1880s, when it reached a status approaching that with which it is regarded through the present day. That's all in the first two hundred pages of a 415-page book. The rest is appendices, notes, a very nice bibliography, and the index.

Everett's long oration is reprinted here in full, followed by facsimiles of the various manuscript drafts of Lincoln's speech. Twenty-five pages are given to a line-by-line dissection of the speech through each manuscript copy and also as recorded in several newspapers of the day. Then Boritt subjects the speech to various forms of linguistic analysis in what appears to be an attempt (inconclusive) to render judgment on which published version was the most accurate and/or which manuscript draft Lincoln was reading from.

The text itself was fairly interesting, although I was glad that Boritt overcame the style he used in the first chapter of employing short, choppy sentence fragments to emphasize his (usually speculative) points. Also, my perennial complaint, the notes (good ones!) had no indicators in the text, which made flipping back and forth an obnoxious chore. Simon & Schuster (and all other publishers who engage in this form of abuse) should abandon this practice at the earliest opportunity. If you can't put the footnotes at the bottom of the page - where they belong - at least provide an indication that a note exists.

Boritt's appendices were a bit much; I suspect most readers will skip them entirely and would not be the worse for it. I also don't see much reason to prefer this volume over Garry Wills' excellent Lincoln at Gettysburg ... unless of course you happen to fixate on the different number of characters in each of the five manuscript versions, in which case this is probably the book for you. Not a bad study, to be sure - just neither entirely necessary nor particularly excellent.

Recent Acquisitions

- Columbia University's Rare Book & Manuscript library has acquired the archives of "New Leader" magazine, a journal of political philosophy and cultural criticism which was published from 1924-2006. The archive "will comprise over 200 linear feet of material, including editorial correspondence, manuscripts, original artwork, photographs, contracts, advertising, and other documents spanning the magazine's history."

- The books of the late Sir Basil Blackwell, eulogized as "the best read man in England," have been donated to the Bodelian Library at Oxford, and will "form an important part of the new Bodleian Centre for the Study of the Book." "The collection was started by Sir Basil in the 1920s. It includes valuable and important printed books from the 15th to the 20th century covering a wide range of subjects, especially European and English literature."

- More than 10,000 volumes of culinary books and ephemera belonging to Philadelphia chef Fritz Blank will go to the University of Pennsylvania. The collection includes early cookbooks, cooking periodicals, and more than a thousand community cookbooks ("like those compiled by churches or PTAs").

AbeBooks Honored

AbeBooks.com has been named one of the top fifty e-commerce sites by Internet Retailer magazine (there really is a magazine for everything), sharing category honors with iTunes, Netflix and SimplyAudioBooks. In the article announcing the choice, Abe's integration with LibraryThing was one of the top selling points:

"Earlier this year Abebooks.com made a significant investment in LibraryThing.com, a social networking site for book lovers. Since then the e-retailer has been creating links between the two sites to bring more bibliophiles together and get more of them to search for and purchase used and rare tomes. So if the shopper looking for the Buddhism book gets profoundly stuck because of his lack of information, he can send out an all-points bulletin to LibraryThing social networkers, many of whom may be able to help in the hunt.

'We're really in the search business; we're about finding a unique book,' says Boris Wertz, COO at Abebooks Inc. 'And making it easier to find books on our site beyond using the search tool is a major goal of ours.'

LibraryThing is a fantastic tool for avid book readers and collectors and may be even more sophisticated than the community features of 'the Big Kahuna' of online bookselling, Amazon.com, says Sucharita Mulpuru, senior retail analyst at Forrester Research Inc. 'The tags seem more relevant,' she adds, 'and the lists seem more germane to book lovers than the random lists that often show up on other user-generated content sites.'"

Congratulations to both AbeBooks and LibraryThing for this - it's definitely well-deserved!

Also in AbeBooks news today, Forbes columnist Alice LaPlante comments on the site's excellent e-mail reminder system.

Good Posts on Phillipps/Munby

Over at The Bibliothecary, Ed's got a pair of great posts on one of my favorite characters, the great collector Thomas Phillipps. The first points us to a BBC radio play about Phillipps (click on the "Tuesday" link, but it's only good until this coming Tuesday) and also has some other excellent links to pages on Phillipps and his biography, A.N.L. Munby. Ed's second post has more on Munby (I did not know he wrote ghost stories, I'll have to find them!) and about what happened to the massive collection after Phillipps' death. A true Victorian character, Phillipps.

Book Review: "The Voynich Manuscript"

Well this was a new one to me! The Voynich Manuscript discusses a rather odd document (now held at Yale's Bienecke Library) which seems to be written in some sort of cipher and is accompanied by a series of bizarre illustrations. The work has resisted all attempts to force its secrets, and remains one of those enigmatic historical problems that can serve to either tickle the imagination or drive one totally mad.

Gerry Kennedy and Rob Churchill, English television writers/producers, offer here a readable and useful introduction to the manuscript, its checkered history, the efforts of those who have sought to explain it, and also a grand overview of the various theories which have sprung up around it. Is it an unknown work by the thirteenth-century mystical friar Roger Bacon? Or is it the product of migraine-induced hallucinations? Could it be nothing more than a very elaborate hoax (and if it's a hoax, was it created in the early Renaissance, or the early twentieth century?). Is it possible that humans will ever break its code?

While this book is rather too full of digressions, dead ends and tangents, the manuscript's own power to intrigue kept me going. It is, without a doubt, one of the more fascinating literary mysteries I've read about recently. Not to mention the great cast of book characters who make appearances: Wilfred Voynich (who may have pilfered the manuscript in the first place from an Italian library), Milicent Sowerby, H.P. Kraus, &c. And those extraordinary illustrations ... wow.

There seem to be quite a few Voynich MS-related sites out there, including this one which looks to have some good images. Googling will give you more than you could ever wish for.

Hymnal Fetches High Price

The early Mormon hymnal I posted about yesterday sold at Christie's for $273,600, the Deseret News reports. This may be the third-highest price ever for a book related to Mormonism. The buyer was not identified. Ken Sanders has some comments in the article about other rare LDS books and their potential values.

Interesting Manuscript News

- In Sweden, a previously unpublished manuscript revealing details about seventeenth century witch hunts and trials has been found in a museum archive, The Local reports. While much of the narrative - "A true tale about the nature of witchcraft", by minister Jöns Hornaeus - was already available in print, the discovery of the original manuscript revealed new information about the witchcraft investigations in Västernorrland County, including interviews with local residents. Unfortunately much of the text has been inked out, hindering the process of deciphering it. The manuscript was in a folder headed "Sorcery and superstition, witches, witches' rides and recipes".

- Not witches but fairies in England, where the Cumbria Archives has found a document of burial records for the village of Lamplugh for 1656-1663. Looks like Lamplugh was a pretty exciting place: causes of death include " A frying pan and pitchforks duel", " Attacked by the parson’s bull", and "Led to a watery grave by a will-o’-the-wisp." Joyce at Bibliophile Bullpen highlights this one.

- Also in England, the government is attempting to halt the potential private sale of a collection of letters and diaries written by Mary Hamilton, an early "bluestocking" who has been called "the female Pepys" for her meticulously detailed account of eighteenth-century events. John Rylands University library in Manchester has offered to buy the archive for £123,500 so that it can be made publicly available.

Early Mormon Hymnal on Auction Block

The Salt Lake Tribune reports that a very rare, previously unknown and mint-condition copy of an 1835 Mormon hymnal will be auctioned at Christies today, with pre-sale estimates set at $200,000-$300,000. The hymnal was "edited" by Emma Smith, wife of LDS founder Joseph Smith, and none has come up for auction in several decades. Interestingly, this book - although presumably not this particular copy - played a role in the infamous Mark Hofman forgery case in the 1980s.

RBN also links.

ListMania

As we near the end of the year, the annual flurry of "best of 2006" lists has begun. I'll use this post to link to some of the lists I find, and will update it as necessary. It will presumably not be comprehensive, nor will I comment on the selections (no matter how good or bad I find them, I'm going to try to be very strict with myself about this). I'll post my own list as we get closer to the end of the year (because there's still another month to read!).

- The New York Times has its "100 Notable Books of the Year", and also the "10 Best Books of 2006". These are each evenly split between fiction and nonfiction.

- The Christian Science Monitor lists "Best Nonfiction 2006" and "Best Fiction 2006". Quite a few of each.

- The Boston Globe has best fiction (by Gail Caldwell) and nonfiction (by Michael Kenney) lists, with commentary.

- The Book World editors at the Washington Post list their "10 Best of the Year" (five and five). They've also got long-lists for fiction and nonfiction with subsection links for each.

- At the UK Times, there is a list for everyone (and I do mean everyone). Erica Wagner offers her list of best fiction titles, Peter Kemp takes us on a round-the-world tour through his favorite fiction, and Marcel Berlin examines the top crime books of 2006. There's also a "Books of the Year" roundup from Alberto Manguel, Marina Warner, Paul Muldoon, Craig Raine, A.N. Wilson and Elaine Showalter. Wilson gets a prize for using the word "unputdownable". Christopher Hart tackles biography (best as well as worst), John Burnside reviews memoirs, Derwent May focuses on nature books. Richard Dixon has fun with reference books, as does Erica Wagner (again) with esoterica. The lists go on ... and on, and on from history to poetry to art, sports, photography, &c. - they're all here.

- The Independent calls their list "The Finest Books of the Year" - they also have subject links off to the right of the main list.

- LibraryThing group "What Are You Reading Now" has a thread going for members' "Top Five for 2006" (and now "Bottom Five for 2006" as well).

- I forgot Publisher's Weekly also has their "Best Books of the Year" list up. Lots of categories.

- Metacritic has a "list of lists" aggregating a whole bunch of other sites' best and worst.

- Slate writers now have their best book lists up.

- The LATimes editors post their favorite fiction and favorite nonfiction lists.

- "Best of the literary crop" from the Salt Lake Tribune.

- NPR lists some independent booksellers' picks of '06.

- More to come, I'm sure! If you see a good (or bad) list I've missed, send it along!

Schott's "Bibliognost's Handbook"

The problem with reading newspapers online is that it's much easier to miss things than if you've got the paper version in front of you. Hence, thank goodness for Ed at Bibliothecary, who passes along "The Bibliognost's Handbook" [pdf] from yesterday's New York Times Book Review. Drawn up by Ben Schott, the author of three volumes of miscellanies (and now a 2007 almanac
which I'm slowly making my way through), the handbook has some great "Biblio-words", a few "Odd Book Titles" (and they are), and a section dedicated to Biblical misprints (quite amusing).

Ed bounces off this to discuss author Andrew Lang, (who I clearly have not read enough of!), so make sure to read his whole post.

Book Review: "Darwin's Origin of Species: A Biography"

As part of the "Books That Changed the World" series, Darwin biography Janet Browne has penned a short "biography" of Darwin's Origin of Species (forthcoming from Atlantic Monthly Press). Part overview of Darwin's life, part discussion about the book itself, and part an examination of the impact the Origin has had in the almost 150 years since its publication, Browne's book is both a decent introduction to the text and to Darwin's thinking.

The book's size is its most limiting factor. Undoubtedly constrained by the strictures of the series, Browne is unable to provide much more than a cursory glimpse at the convoluted and intense process by which the Origin came into being, not to mention the man behind that genesis. Its post-publication impact is assessed more thoroughly - Browne has done an admirable job reducing more than a century of scientific thought into forty pages or so.

There are more complete examinations of both Darwin and his works available, but for a readable and succinct survey, this is a good place to start.

Book Review: "Not Your Usual Founding Father"

There is perhaps no man in America as suited to selecting a single volume's worth of Benjamin Franklin's works than Yale historian Edmund S. Morgan. The author of one of the best among the recent Franklin biographies (2002's Benjamin Franklin), Morgan has put his editorial and introductory skills to great purpose with Not Your Usual Founding Father, a fine (if at times idiosyncratic) collection of Franklin's writings that serve as a more-than-adequate introduction to the man or as a delightful complement to a good biography (like Morgan's own effort).

The volume includes some of the writings with which those who read Franklin are fairly familiar, but also some unexpected gems. It is well-measured proportionally to give a sense of Franklin's widely-varying interests and the many roles he took on throughout his long career. Morgan's introductory notes and commentary on each section are useful without being overly analytical (Gordon Wood's jacket-blurb labels them "sprightly and readable", a sentiment with which it is difficult to disagree).

Franklin's ability to distill an argument into a coherent and succinct but substantive form shows through remarkably in these selections, on everything from the treatment of American Indians ("Remarks Concerning the Savages of North-America", 52-57), religion and some of its attendant hypocrisies at the hand of man ("Letter to Joseph Huey", 61-63) and the rationale for America's struggle to free herself from the British yoke ("Letter to Admiral Lord Howe", 227-229).

Perhaps most impressive among these essays (not surprisingly, given that it's Franklin), are the satirical hit-pieces, which even today carry a wallop of irony that cannot go unappreciated. Protesting against the export of English felons to America, Franklin penned a 1751 letter to the editor in which he suggests that America could return the favor with a product of her own: rattlesnakes. Later, as the conflict between England and the colonies grew even more heated, he quoted liberally from Parliament's own acts in "An Edict by the King of Prussia," which lays bare all the outrageous actions taken by England which its people would surely like unconscionable if applied to themselves.

While Morgan is (as Franklin was) unduly harsh toward the erstwhile John Adams, and scarcely mentions Franklin's family affairs, his Autobiography, or his anti-slavery efforts near the end of his life, he has still drawn together a most useful and appropriate collection.

A Library Fit for a Sheikh

Forbes has an interesting profile today of Michael Lamb, operations manager for Powells, who sidelines as a library consultant for the rich and famous. Right now he's assisting a Saudi sheikh who's building a new palace and wants it to contain a top-notch book collection. Lamb says the total cost when all the books are found will be upwards of $70,000.

"To ensure that the library includes proper representation in all areas, Lamb communicates with a number of elite, bookish investigators who regularly scour university syllabuses and prize-winning publications to find the most academically revered translations and pristine limited editions. Negotiations about the library’s ultimate contents have already taken six months."

This is just one of many rather interesting articles in Forbes' "Special Report: Books" which I will have to spend some further time with this weekend.

To Talk of Many Things

- Lew Jaffe over at Bookplate Junkie has an extensive post up on physician's bookplates. Looks like he's been adding some new info throughout the week.

- The Bibliothecary has posts on memorizing poems (even 52 in a year seems like a challenge!) and ghost stories on the radio, as well as his own "omnigatherum" with some great links as well.

- Reading Copy and Joyce at Bibliophile Bullpen comment on the recently-released Green Eggs and Ham Cookbook, which features various Seussical recipes.

- Off the Shelf reports that the Iraq Study Group's final report will be printed by Vintage on an expedited schedule in order to have it on booksellers' shelves by next Wednesday - the same day it's delivered to the president and Congress.